Tag Archives: evolution

Quasi-scientific silliness that may only be so because it is premature — applying Moore’s Law to dating the beginning of life 0

© 2013 Peter Free Citation — to article Alexei A. Sharov and Richard Gordon, Life Before Earth, arXiv:1304.3381v1 [physics.gen-ph], arXiv.org [open article access at Cornell University Library] (28 March 2013) Citation — to press release Bob Yirka, Researchers use Moore’s Law to calculate that life began before Earth existed, Phys.org (18 April 2013) What this [...]

Smallest fossil mammoth found on island of Crete helps to confirm the dwarfing effect of island isolation on large mammals — but the taxonomic reclassification of a dwarf Cretan elephant into a mammoth is likely to continue to be disputed 0

Citation Victoria L. Herridge and Adrian M. Lister, Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth, Proceedings of the Royal Society B [Biological Sciences], doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0671 (published online before print, 09 May 2012) What is the evolutionary effect described as the “island rule”? The authors explain the evolutionary effect of island confinement as having (i) a [...]

The cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus, adaptively lost genes during evolution and became dependent on the oxidative stress reduction services provided by other organisms living in the same environment — Professor Erik Zinser and the “Black Queen Hypothesis” 0

Balancing the costs of carrying extra metabolic baggage against the benefits of letting other contributors to the environment provide the necessary services Professor Erik Zinser (University of Tennessee) and colleagues attempted to explain why Procholorococcus, which may be the most abundant photosynthetic organism on the planet, had lost oxidative stress reduction genes, during the course [...]

The order in which disease symptoms are presented affects readers’ impressions as to whether they have the illness — another blow against the idea that people are rational 0

It may be figuratively true that we can’t reason our way out of an open paper bag — no disrespect to us intended Two studies of how people interpret lists of disease symptoms, while Internet browsing revealed that: [A] streak is a sequence of consecutive items on a list that share the characteristic of being [...]

Distinguishing speciation via short mitochondrial DNA segments is conceptually like bar coding — an excellent overview by Michael Gross in “Current Biology” 0

This procedure doesn’t work in plants, but, for animals — Knowing where to look in long DNA strands has always been the problem — whether it be identifying the source of an abnormality or finding a shortcut label for whatever it is research wants to identify. Species identification via mitochondrial DNA “bar coding” has been [...]

Why “obsolete” and sometimes apparently detrimental major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) stay in the human genome — an outstanding piece of lay science writing about a study from the University of Utah 0

Clarity on a complicated subject — why the human genome retained major histocompatibility complexes that arguably no longer work properly for immune purposes From the press release: “Major histocompatibility complex” (MHC) proteins are found on the surface of most cells in vertebrate animals. They distinguish self from foreign, and trigger an immune response against foreign [...]

United Kingdom’s Brown Argus butterfly appears to adapting to climate change at the genetic level — as a result of expanding into differently apportioned food habitat 0

The underlying genetic change appears to be founded upon pre-existing gene diversity and its concomitant habitat preferences Which is what one would have predicted. Citation James Buckley, Roger K. Butlin, and Jon R. Bridle, Evidence for evolutionary change associated with the recent range expansion of the British butterfly, Aricia agestis, in response to climate change, [...]

Contrary to previous thinking, the domestication of dogs likely first occurred in China, south of the Yangtze River 0

When you leave out some important Asian genetic material, you get the wrong answer — said this research team Makes sense to me: Global mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data indicates that the dog originates from domestication of wolf in Asia South of Yangtze River (ASY), with minor genetic contributions from dog–wolf hybridisation elsewhere. Archaeological data and [...]

Evidence that fever may be good for immune system function 0

This was obvious to me years ago (on a gut level) — but now there’s some evidence for it The Journal of Leukocyte Biology recently published research demonstrating that fever may be beneficial to our immune response, at least as to the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells.  These lymphocytes can destroy virus-infected cells and tumors. [...]

Glyphosate-resistance among weeds is bringing auxin-based herbicides like 2,4-D back into more prevalent use — A morality play about capitalistic profligacy? 0

It didn’t take long for this to happen, thanks to Roundup® and its buds Remember when manufacturers told us that we didn’t have to worry much about weeds developing resistance to glyphosate-based herbicides? Even when the same manufacturers partnered up to develop glyphosate-resistant crops? Well, guess what (predictably) happened: GR [glyphosate-resistant] crops, first released in [...]